Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1337 Words

After almost two hundred years of adaptations, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein has been virtually lost to pop culture references and mutations in story through film and other forms of media. All the different changed of the story has actually taken the original story of its As a result of so many different stories, all that is left is totally different version of the original creature. Shelley in her version of the book, looks at familial morality, man as God, and awareness that creator has responsibility for his own creation. Shelley’s does not put a name in the book for the monster, but for example, she shows the monster’s rejection from his creator. Everyone in this time thinks the monster’s name is Frankenstein. This issue is that it removes the author’s purpose to leave the monster nameless, which is ignoring the fact that he is nameless for a reason that is important to the novel. The transformation of the monster through cultural issues and chang es has made the original monster forgotten, and has changed into an unrecognizable creature through all the stories changes. The first stage of change in the early nineteenth century to the parodies of the mid 1970s and early 1990s, the novel’s monster had been forgotten underneath many different changes. Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein was published in 1818. Jennifer Howard in â€Å"The Birth of Frankenstein† talks about the origins of Shelley’s book. She states, â€Å"The story of the monster and his maker owes its essential power toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early 1800s Mary Shelley set pen to a paper and started to develop a novel that little to her knowledge would become world renowned. In 1818 she finished and published the novel to sell to the European public. The novel caught the world off guard in the way that a female was able to write about such harsh, dark, and evil things in a European society whose authors like John Locke and Charles Montesquieu preached enlightenment, self exploration, and individualism all in an optimistic enablingRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1615 Words   |  7 Pagesa whole and how accurate a depiction they might think it to be, they will miss out on many of the qualities of the painting that reside below the immediately apparent surface level. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a text dedicated to expounding upon the dangers of such superficial analysis. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley openly condemns the surface level and appearance oriented methodology under which the human mind operates. The very protagonist of the novel is inspired solely by reputation and howRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1758 Words   |  8 PagesFrankenstein was published over 200 years ago. Ever since it was published, it has been one of the most famous books known to literature. History.com Staff states that this book, by 21-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, is frequently called the world’s first science fiction novel (History.com Staff). According to Wikipedia, Shelley was an English novelist. She was born August 30th, 1797. She died on February 1st, 1951 (Wikipedia). Shelley came up with the idea of Frankenstein as she andRead MoreBiblical Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1376 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature 16 November 2015 Biblical Analysis: Frankenstein Frankenstein by Mary Shelley often refers to the bible on a number of occasions. However, it is worth noting that many references used by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein can often be identified in Genesis. Much like Genesis, the story of Frankenstein is a viable creation story. The book of Genesis first explains the creation of man and woman, and also recounts the fall of humanity. Unlike Genesis, Frankenstein begins with the fall of humanityRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Frankenstein1410 Words   |  6 Pagescompassion and sympathy through the love of a person whom cares very deeply about them. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the three main characters Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and Frankenstein (The Monster) are shown throughout the story, longing and in search for a companion. Throughout the story, the characters struggle with the battle of wanting either sympathy or compassion from a person or both. Mary Shelley shows the true indication of Human Nature by showing the importance of sympathy andRead MoreAnalysis of Mary Shelley ´s Frankenstein991 Words   |  4 Pagesalive. If it can learn, eventually speak, or came about because of another, it’s a person. The Creature of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is no exception. Victor’s creation needs nourishment, education, and morals, which should be provided by it’s creator, it’s parent, just like any other child. The way that needs of an individual are met shapes the outcome of their life. In her novel, Shelley demonstrates this impact that parents have on their child’s life through the contrasting upbringing of VictorRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1701 Words   |  7 Pages Frankenstein is a novel that is practically devoid of any female presence, yet author Mary Shelley pens a story that is lush with portrayals of feminine ideology. Throughout the course of this novel, the audience is introduced to three different female characters. The first is Elizabeth Lavenza— Victor Frankenstein’s wife. She is presented as a passive and weak woman who embodies the traditional role of women in the 19th century. Caroline Beaufort is present in the novel, but her role is limitedRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1038 Words   |  5 PagesAlexi Torres English III Dr. W.W. Allman December 1, 2015 Frankenstein In Mary Shelley’s, Frankenstein, she shows that good people can turn evil, but are not born this way. Humans being rude and isolating someone can make a person go insane and do things they are not proud of. Shelley shows this through the creature that Frankenstein creates and gives examples showing his evilness, but also shows that the creature tries to explain many times that he wants a friend and cannot find one becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1088 Words   |  5 PagesCreature’s Argument In the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the Creature s only need is for a female companion, which he asks Victor Frankenstein his maker to create. Shelley shows the argument between the creature and Frankenstein. The creature says: I demand a creature of another sex, but as hideous as myself (Shelley 139). Shelley shows what the creature wants from Frankenstein and what his needs are. Shelley gives us an idea of the sympathy that Frankenstein might feel for the creature evenRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wretch Frankenstein is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley about a peculiar scientist named Victor Frankenstein. Victor, who is a scientist endeavoring to make history, engenders a monstrous but attentive creature in an eccentric scientific experiment. The monster that he engenders faces abnegation and fear from his creator and society. The monster is the worst kind of scientific experiment gone awry. The creature has compassion for society but additionally wants to take revenge on

Confucius s Influence On Chinese Philosophy - 883 Words

Confucius, also referred to his Chinese name, Kongzi, is credited for paving a path for the beginning of Chinese philosophy and is arguably the most famous Chinese philosopher in history. Confucius believed in the process of self-cultivation to become a better, more Good of a person, the idea of treating your family with the highest respect, also known as filial piety, and keeping traditions alive with many rituals. Although Confucius has had an immense influence on Chinese philosophy and is even seen as a present-day reference for philosophers all over the world, the Chinese philosopher Mozi was also an influential figure after the death of Confucius. Mohism is evidently more of an excelling school of thought to prevent extreme crime in a dystopian Chinese society rather than Confucianism because there is much emphasis on a strong hierarchy system and acknowledgement of the lower class under Mohism which is crucial for a society filled with much crime. On the other hand, Confucianis m believes heavily in rituals and traditions which may devalue the state of the theoretical unstable Chinese society and may be even the cause of the crimes within it. Confucius advocated strongly for the use of rituals to continue traditional beliefs. He said that a reliable person is â€Å"someone who is broadly learned with regard to culture, and whose conduct is restrained by the rites† and would surely â€Å"not go astray.†1 Traditional beliefs are vital for finding yourself as a person andShow MoreRelatedConfucianism And Its Influence On Chinese History1713 Words   |  7 PagesKung Fu Tzu, also known as Confucius, was an iconic figure in the Chinese history. He was a teacher, a philosopher, and also the founder of Confucianism. Confucius’ philosophies, on the other hand, would became well known as Confucianism. Confucianism can be considered as an ancient Chinese philosophy as well as a popular religion in the Chinese history. It is known to be a way of life taught by Confucius. Although being transformed over a long period of time, Confucianism is still the source ofRead MoreThe Impact Confucius, Gandhi, and Western Ideas had on China, Japan, and India1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact Confucius, Gandhi, and Western Ideas had on China, Japan, and India ‘The future depends on what you do today’(Gandhi). In Japan, China, and India each country was faced with similar opportunities, and chose a different path that has impacted their future, setting them aside from one another. When Western countries came into China, India, and Japan, each country reacted differently to the Western ideas that these foreigners brought which would then change the culture. Japan and ChinaRead MoreAnalysis Of Biographies Of Confucius And Empress Wu1470 Words   |  6 Pages Analysis of Biographies of Confucius and Empress Wu Introduction The Mountain of Fame shows readers the biographies of the most colorful personalities in Chinese history. From the sage emperors to the most recent personalities in the Tiananmen Square, the biographies help us see the transition in the traditional values of China. There are more than 20 biographies analyzed in the book by John E Wills, this paper summarizes only two of them. There is Confucius; a vulnerable being whose only goal isRead More Confucius Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages Confucius became famous as a sage, or wise man, of China during the Age of Philosophers. His Five Classics have influenced the civilizations of most of eastern Asia. Confucius was born in the state of Lu when local rulers refused to pay homage to the emperor of a failing Chou dynasty. Confucius hated the disorder that ensued and looked back on a time when things like that were not even thought of. He studied the teachings of the sageamp;#8217;s whose teachings and influences had made China oneRead MoreConfucianism Is A Comprehensive System Of Thought And Behavior Encompassing Religion, Philosophy, Morality, And Political Science1441 Words   |  6 PagesConfucianism is a â€Å"comprehensive system of thought and behaviour encompassing religion, philosophy, morality, and political science.† Its teachings have shaped the political and social development of China for hundreds of years, and leaves its mark in ancient history. Confucius’s teachings dealt mainly with person al and political morality - he taught what it meant to be a just ruler and a man of principles and honour. His teachings sought to restore the Mandate of Heaven to the rulers in order forRead More Comparing Confucianism and Christianity Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesbe honored: ruler and minister, father and son, husband and wife, elder and younger brother, and friend and friend (Hopfe). These relationships led a push for a revolution of the political system to adopt the methods of Jen. Confucius sought to revive the ancient Chinese culture by redefining the importance of society and government. He described a society governed by  ³reasonable, humane, and just sensibilities, not by the passions of individuals arbitrarily empowered by hereditary status ² (Clearly)Read MoreEssay on Exploring International Psychology1045 Words   |  5 Pagesinterest to the ancient roots of Greek, Chinese and Indian psychology. In this research, I found myself replaying a statement I read when learning about the hypothesis regarding the history of psychology. This statement is â€Å" It may be possible that parts of history have indeed been chaotic whereas other parts have been linear and progressive and still others have been cyclical† (King, Viney and Woody, 2009, p.9). Ancient Roots of Greek psychology Greek influences appear to have the most presence inRead MoreConfucianism Of Han Chin Synthesis And Syncretion1581 Words   |  7 Pagesviews. Based on the Chinese dynastic histories of the Han Dynasty period, the fall of the Han was caused by the political elites showing little to no interest in maintaining the Confucian form of government. This paper will analyze the synthesis and syncretism of Confucianism into the Han Dynasty. Introduction It was during the former Han Dynasty period that Confucianism developed from being the teachings of a few scholars at the end of the Chou period, to becoming the philosophy of the governmentRead MoreA Short History Of Confucianism And Confucianism1196 Words   |  5 Pagespropagated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius in the 6th–5th century BCE, and it has been followed by the Chinese for more than 2000 years. Although Confucianism as changed over time, at its core, it is still places the same emphasis on the substance of learning, the source of values, and the social code of the Chinese. Additionally, the influence of Confucianism has extended to other countries such as Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. While Confucianism is sometimes viewed as a philosophy or religion, ConfucianismRead MoreConfucianism : A Great Chinese Thinker And Philosopher Who Lived During The Warring States1206 Words   |  5 PagesJune 2015 Ancient China Confucianism Who was Confucius? Confucius was a great Chinese thinker and philosopher who lived during the Warring States Period from 551-479 BCE. He was born in 551 BC, in Zou, Lu state in a family that was in between common people and aristocrats. He never held a high-class job, only working as a shepherd, cowherd, clerk, and a book-keeper. His mother died when he was 23 and he then mourned for three years, an Ancient Chinese tradition. Lu state had a duke and three aristocratic

Guide Answers free essay sample

Sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a compound 4. What do we call the number of atoms of an element equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12. 0 grams of carbon-12? Mole or Avogadro’s number 5. How many atoms are in a sample of an element whose mass is numerically equal to the atomic mass of that element? 6. 021023 6. For what substance do we use formula units? Ionic compound . At STP, equal volumes of different gases contain what? Same number of particles = 1 mole 8. Identify the value for standard temperature. 25C 9. Identify the value for standard pressure. 1 atm 10. Identify the number used to express molar volume of a gas at STP. 22. 4 L 11. What does the sum of the percentages in the percentage composition of a substance equal? 100% 12. Define empirical formula. Identify the empirical formula of a compound with molecular formula of C2Cl6 EF = smallest whole number ratio of the atoms in a compound CCl3 13. We will write a custom essay sample on Guide Answers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Define molecular formula. The procedure produces 0. 36 grams of hydrogen (H), 3. 73 grams of phosphorus (P), and 7. 69 grams of oxygen (O). Determine the percentage composition of the compound. H = 3. 1% P = 32% O = 65% 21. A sample of a molecular compound was analyzed and found to contain 9. 09 grams carbon (C), 1. 52 grams of hydrogen (H), and 14. 40 grams of fluorine (F). a. Determine the empirical formula of the compound. CH2F b. Given the added information that the molar mass of the compound is 66. 0 g/mol, determine the molecular formula of the compound. C2H4F2

The Destination Galle In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Destination Galle In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay Essay Galle is the capital of a territory with the same name and is besides called the Gateway to the South. This larboard metropolis, 119 kilometer from Colombo, has managed to retain its old colonial town experience even today and is besides known for its Dutch walled fortress. It is believed that Galle is the scriptural haven of Tarshish, from which King Solomon obtained gold, tusk, Inachis ios and other valuables. Bing on the strategic sea-route between Arabia, India and Southeast Asia, every bit good a natural seaport, Galle became an of import trading port for Persians, Arabs, Greeks, Romans, Malays, Indians and Chinese. Harmonizing to other schools of idea, the name Galle derives from Gallus ( chicken in Dutch ) , or from Gaala , in Sinhala, intending a herding topographic point for cowss. Before the Portuguese arrived in the sixteenth century, Galle was known as Gimhathiththa . In less than 100 year, the Dutch had taken over and reinforced the garrison. TheA Galle fortA is now a universe heritage site and shows the merger of EuropeanA architectural manners with south Asiatic traditions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Destination Galle In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Destination Galle In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Destination Galle In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Beyond Galle, lies a stretch of seashore with a series of beaches like Unawatuna and Thalpe, the latter besides being celebrated for its stilt fishermen. In cricketing circles, Galle is known for its cricket land, which has rebuilt itself successfully after the tsunami devastation. Other outstanding landmarksA are the natural seaport, theA National Maritime Museum, A St. Mary s Cathedral, Amangalla the historic luxury hotel and one of Sri Lanka s mainA ShivaA temples. Other natural attractive forces, temples and garrisons are besides tourist hot spots. By itself Galle is a big town, with a busy coach station and market are its bosom. It provides variable attractive forces for its tourers with multiple art festivals. The one-year Galle Literary Festival attracts essayists from all over the universe. Hotel Overview General info on adjustment options and specific info on types of adjustment harmonizing to location Wordss: 100 A broad scope of adjustments from invitee houses, bed and breakfast, star hotels, to boutique resortsA is available in Galle. There is something for every budget, with monetary values runing from 20 USD to 600 USD for sole belongingss. Most of the hotels in Galle are situated in the Fort and Beach country. However, one can happen hotels located within the metropolis bounds every bit good. There are besides a figure of villas offering epicurean adjustment. Among the high terminal hotels, the Amangalla and the Galle Fort Hotel inside the Fort and The Dutch House outside promise epicurean colonial manner adjustment. Among the medium scope belongingss, The Lady Hill is the best option. The Fort House and Tamarind Hut are other options.. The budget belongingss are largely household tally guesthouses, offering plain diggingss and place cooked nutrient. Beach Haven, Weltevreden and Rampart View are some such belongingss. The Villa are by and large historic houses or tea plantation cottages. The Last House, Auraliya and The Beach House are the few high terminal 1s. The Fort House and Tamarind Hut come with lower budgets. Info on International and major domestic hotel ironss Wordss: 50 There are no major international ironss of hotels runing in Galle. A local concatenation of hotels, Jetwing does nevertheless hold belongingss here. Focus on concern A ; leisure travel Wordss: 50 Most of the hotels here have concern and leisure installations. One can happen conference halls, wireless cyberspace and facsimile installation in most of the hotels. High terminal hotels besides have in house amusement picks for invitees, which takes of the leisure needs of tourers. Pricing fluctuation harmonizing to season and events Wordss: 100 The monsoon months from April to September are less busy and the monetary values are somewhat on the lesser side during these months. Otherwise, Galle is a typical tropical coastal town and conditions remains warm and welcoming throughout the twelvemonth. Thingss to Make Thingss to Make Overview Overview of what all can be done in the finish across assorted classs of Thingss to make. Besides, continuance based possibilities to be listed. Wordss: 200 There are tonss of things to make in Galle. It has beaches, cultural attractive forces, temples, tea plantations, paddy Fieldss and besides shopping and dining. Everyone can happen an activity of their pick here. OldA Galle has been declared a universe heritage site by UNESCO. The good preserved seventeenth century colonial Galle FortA is the major attractive force here. The garrison is an illustration of the colonial manner of architecture. There is a museum inside the garrison which represents the art and civilization of the Southern Province. The Maritime Museum besides inside the garrison provides the history of Galle s maritime successes. The Dutch Reformed Church has been restored and is worth a visit for its ambiance and architecture. The Galle seaport still handles transportation, and one can acquire a position of cruising yachts now and so. The cricket bowl here reminds one of the Dutch architecture. Guided motorcycle Tourss are besides available to acquire a position of the countryside. Around Galle, trips to the Koggala laguna, the Sea Turtle Hatchery, Whale watching trips from Mirissa and Kottawa Rainforest and Arboretum make for twenty-four hours excursions. The beaches of Unawatuna and Thalpe are besides good options. Sightsing Overview Overview on the rubber-necking in the finish, including the popular 1s and thematic 1s Wordss: 200 The chief attractive force for sight visionaries in Galle is its old colonial Fort. With a batch of Reconstruction work done recently, the Fort has late been restored. Inside the bulwarks of the garrison, there are a batch of old edifices and colonial constructions to see. The Dutch Reformed Church and The All Saints Church are the Dutch and Anglican topographic points of worship. The National Museum, Maritime Museum and the Historical Maritime Museum have some ancient artifacts. Themed walking Tourss of the Fort, adapted to single involvements can be taken to acquire some new penetrations into the life of Fort occupants every bit good as see some off the all in facets of the Fort. The Koggala Lagoon, with several islands, is a topographic point for bird observation. The Temple Island here has an old Buddhist temple, which is still in usage and attracts many visitants on full Moon ( Poya ) twenty-four hours. The Cinnamon Island is besides deserving researching and Ananda Spice Garden are other sightseeing options here. The Kottawa Rainforest and Arboretum, on the route to Udugama introduces one to the Sri Lankan rain forest. Sightsing Individual degree write-ups Wordss: 20 write ups of 200 words each ( Entire: 4000 words ) For illustration: Name of the attractive force Dummy text, around 200 words, dummy text, dummy text, around 200 words, dummy text silent person text, around 200 words, dummy text, dummy text, around 200 words, dummy text silent person text, around 200 words, dummy text, dummy text, around 200 words, dummy text silent person text, around 200 words, dummy text, Address: Dummy text, silent person text Timing: 9 a.m 5:30 p.m ( Monday to Friday ) 9 a.m 9:00 p.m ( Saturday and Sunday ) Admission Fees: RM 3.00 per entry for grownup and RM 0.50 for kids and pupils. The Galle Fort This garrison, ab initio built by the Portuguese, was taken over by the Dutch in 1640. They farther fortified it over the following 6-7 decennaries, besides constructing a new luxuriant system of cloacas. Every high tide they would be flooded, taking the sewerage out to the sea. This walled metropolis, within the metropolis gives a extremum into Galle s colonial yesteryear. The pillars and the frontages, courtyards full of the stores selling spices and sarongs, old-timers and modern oddities give a glance of the old times. The Fort is a common interest of tourers every bit good as locals. Walking Tourss, organized by Juliet Coombe and Daisy Perry, may be adapted harmonizing to single gustatory sensations wildlife, history or architecture. National Museum, ( Church Street, Tues Sat, 9am to 5pm, LKR 300 ) , Historical Mansion Museum ( Leyn Baan Street, daily, 9am to 6pm, contributions optional ) and Maritime Museum ( Queen s Street ) are located inside the Fort. Koggala Lagoon: Koggala Lagoon , approx 20 kilometer from Galle has Rhizophora mangles which are place to birds and reptilians like proctor lizards and serpents. There is besides a beach which stretches upto the Ahangama and Midigama bays. There are several islands within the laguna. On Poya ( full Moon ) twenty-four hours, many people visit the Temple Island, which has an old Buddhist Temple. One can besides research the Cinnamon Island, or the Ananda Spice Garden on a separate island. Visitors to Koggala can besides see the Martin Wickramasinghe Folk Art Museum. Beyond Koggala, in the town of Ahangama, one can see a batch of stilt fishermen as they fish on piles, surrounded by H2O. Further on, Midigama offers surfing options. Kottawa Rainforest and Arboterum Located 16 kilometer from Galle, this is easy accessible and introduces the Sri Lankan rain forest to the tourers. A 1 kilometer walking trail is shaded by dipterocarps. One can happen violet faced langurs, elephantine squirrels, barking deer and samburs shacking here. There are besides different assortments of birds and reptilians. Guided Tourss for groups are run by Rainforest Rescue International ( LKR 2250 LKR 3000 ) . Address: 14 kilometer station, Udugama Road Timing: 8 am 5 autopsy Admission Fees: LKR 600 Activities Overview Info on the sort of activities possible in the finish Wordss: 200 One can research the Fort and the environing country either on pes or on a bike. The bike drives can run from staid 2 -3 hour 1s to whole twenty-four hours trips. Surfboarding at Midigama and Ahangama is another option for surfing partisans. Unawatuna and Hikkaduwa offer beautiful beaches. Galle besides offers the option of plunging to see stone and coral reefs and besides some unreal reefs which have come up on wrecks. One can besides travel to Habaraduwa, to see baby polo-necks hatching at the Sea Turtle Hatchery. For those interested in treasures and jewelry, Millenium Gems offers a scope of treasure rocks and jewelry. Activities Generic, Individual level write-ups Overview of any 3 top, generic activities of the finish Wordss: 3 write ups of 150 words each ( Entire: 450 words ) Headline Dummy text, around 200 words, dummy text, dummy text, around 200 words, dummy text silent person text, around 200 words, dummy text, dummy text, around 200 words, dummy text silent person text, around 200 words, dummy text, dummy text, around 200 words, dummy text silent person text, around 200 words, dummy text, Address and contact inside informations ( if applicable. ) Sea Turtle Hatchery Habaraduwa With the purpose to help the endurance of sea polo-necks, Sea Turtle Farm and Hatchery is a not- for- net income organisation which has opened a Turtle Farm in Habaraduwa ( Galle District ) near a beach. This 8is kilometer from the Galle Matara route. The farm was opened in 1986 and to day of the month hold released over 500,000 sea polo-necks into the sea . With the entry fee of LKR 300 merely, one can see a babe polo-neck hatching out and doing its manner to the sea. Millennium Gems: To see a scope of treasure rocks and ready-made jewelry, one can see Millennium GemsA in the Fort country. A 5th coevals jewelry maker, the proprietor, Mr Mahesh, has over 20 old ages of experience in doing custom jewelry. All the jewelry on offer is hand-made. Millennium Gems specialise in Moonstones and are licensed exporters for it. Tel. : 00 94 91 438 1621 Electronic mail: milleniumgems70a @ yahoo.com Surfboarding Surfboarding is a popular activity in Galle. There are many beaches in and around the metropolis where one can take portion in H2O sporting activities including H2O surfboarding. However, one should avoid the monsoon months if one wishes to bask the H2O featuring activities here, as the beaches are closed during the monsoon months. A popular location for surfing in the part is Ahangama and Midigama, which are less crowded than some other countries. Excursions A ; Tours Overview Info on the type of jaunts and Tourss possible from the finish and the popular 1s depending on pick and budget Wordss: 200 Excursions to Kottawa Rainforest and Arboretum and Hiyare Rainforest Park are possible as full twenty-four hours excursions. The Samakanda eco-tourism undertaking ( www.samakanda.org ) has a 60 acre organic farm and eco-retreat. Day trips can besides be organised to see tea plantations and tea processing mills for approx LKR 750-1000 per individual The Yala Wildlife Sanctuary has leopards, elephants and crocodiles. There is besides rich birdlife here, particularly from October to March when migratory birds arrive. Whale observation is another activity possible near Galle. The seas South of Dondra are a good location to see bluish giants. Recent perceivers besides say that it may be possible to see bluish giants and sperm giants together. Restaurants Overview Info on Main culinary arts, types of constitutions, Street nutrient, Specialities etc. Wordss: 200 A scope of eating houses offering western every bit good as local culinary art are available in Galle. Most eating houses are expensive, but a batch of coffeehouses have besides come up to provide light repasts at sensible monetary values. Several guesthouses in the Fort country besides dish out home-made local cookery for budget travellers. Seafood is popular, and the traditional culinary art has a whole scope of vegetarian options as good. Pan Asian nutrient is besides easy available. Most cafes offer rice and curry at lunch period, every bit good as soups, salads and sandwiches. Restaurants at Amangalla an Galle Fort Hotel are rather popular. Restaurants with other international culinary arts are besides coming up. Though non many Indian eating houses are available, one can happen rice and curry options at most topographic points. Indian Hut, ( on the format of Pizza Hut ) offers a scope of Indian, Pakistani and Chinese dishes for nice monetary value. ( DO NoT give references / contact inside informations in eating house. ) Shoping Overview Info on chief shopping territories, duty-free, deals, fortes, VAT refund etc. Wordss: 200 A figure of galleries and dress shops have come up in Galle. These offer both the western necessities and native artifacts. Galle is besides celebrated for its handcrafts. Teas, spices, old-timers and handcrafts are some of the chief shopping points for tourers. The Dutch Market is known for selling the freshest fruits and veggies and day of the months back 300 old ages. Elephant Walk has a good choice of spices, potions and handcrafts. Kanthisiri is a good option to purchase good quality cotton cloths. Traditional Sri Lankan dress can be bought at Shoba ApparelA Traditional craftspeople can be seen making jewelry, leatherwork, batik, lacing and embellishment at the South Ceylon Industrial Agency A ; Handicraft Factories. For antique Dutch furniture and reproductions, one can see OlandaA . Attractions Overview Overview of the chief finish s high spots ( This will be a summary of 5 to 6 chief attractive forces from sightseeing, activities, jaunts, shopping and eating houses, as applicable ) Wordss: 200 The Galle Fort is the landmark attractive force. The garrison dates back to 1640 and has late been restored after batch of Reconstruction and beautification work. There are many old structured within the garrison to see and research. The Dutch Reformed Church is the oldest church in the part. An old pipe organ with manual bellows, though non in working status can still be seen inside the church. The Galle beacon on Point Utrecht bastion is besides popular. Peace Pagoda, a Buddhist temple, and Meeran Jumma Masjid can besides be visited. The beaches of Unawatuna are besides a major attractive force. The traffic free portion of Main Street offers the local coloring material of little stores and paving bargainers. Whale observation is besides a really popular attractive force. Apart from all that, one can travel surfing on the assorted beaches here. There is besides the sea turtle hatchery at Habaraduwa which one can see. The hatchery is a non net income administration where tourers can see violet polo-necks puting their eggs. The Yala national Park houses many species of workss and animate beings. The topographic point gets a batch of migratory birds during the month of October, which makes it good for bird observation. Traveling To Traveling to Overview Overview of how to go to the finish Wordss: 150 At present, the lone manner to acquire to Sri Lanka is to wing into the island s international airdrome at Katunayake, merely North of Colombo. Sri Lanka is good connected by international air hoses and to the Asian air webs. From India, regular non-stop flights of Jet Airways, Kingfisher, Air India and SriLankan Airlines are available from Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai, Trivandrum, Tiruchirappali and Delhi. As such, one halt connexion is available to Colombo from about all Indian metropoliss. A few sail line drives that sail between India and Maldives besides stop at Colombo. After acquiring out of the airdrome, one can take a tuk-tuk or cab to the train station less than 1 km off. This station can be used to catch a train to Colombo and onwards to Galle. Alternatively one can take a cab to Colombo and so catch the train to Galle. A individual one manner trip to Galle from Colombo costs Rs 100 to Rs 340 per individual, depending on the category of travel. One can besides travel to Galle by route, either by a cab or by coach. The distance from the international airdrome to Galle is 130 kilometer. It takes about four hours to make Galle from the airdrome by cab or coach, depending on the traffic denseness. Best manner of making the finish will be site specific, including linking flights. Wordss: 150 Taxis or rental autos are the fastest and most comfy manner to make Galle from the airdrome or Colombo. However, taxis are an expensive option. There are standard taxis and gilded taxis, which are air conditioned, available from outside the airdrome. Trains and coachs are a inexpensive option to taxis and auto leases. Intercity express is available from Colombo to Galle and offers comfy seating. However, trains are normally late and do non run often. Buss are another option to make Galle from the airdrome. Majority of the coachs are run by the authorities, although there are private operators every bit good. Buss run often, at an interval of 15-20 proceedingss. However, coachs can acquire crowded as they are the most popular manner of conveyance among locals. Flights Airport info: Location in metropolis, info on airdrome itself and services available, on the terminuss. Wordss: 150 The Bandaranaike International Airport is 130 kilometer from Galle. It has 39 check-in desks, 4 Gatess, short term parking infinites, 3 Airport Hotels, Banks, Post Office, Restaurants, Cafeterias, Bars, VIP Lounge, Duty Free Shop, Gift Shops, Travel Agent, Tourist Help Desk, Car Rental, Taxi Service/Rank, First Aid, Baby/Parent Room and Disabled Access/Facilities. Six Bankss operate in the arrival anteroom for currency exchange installations. Telephone booths are available in the reaching, going and theodolite countries. A communications counter with international direct dialling and facsimile installations is located in the theodolite sofa. Travelers can besides avail the bond luggage installation at the airdrome. Day suites are available for theodolite riders. There are ATMs and currency exchange counters easy available at the airdrome. If airdrome is nearby, include distance, manner of conveyance and travelling clip Wordss: 150 The airdrome is 130 kilometer from Galle. From the airdrome, one can take a coach or a cab to come to Colombo. Taxis and coachs are available at the airdrome. From Colombo to Galle, one can take a train or coach or cab. The journey from Colombo to Galle takes approx 2.5 to 3 hour. The coachs from airdrome to Colombo Fort Railway Station ( Bus # 187 ) run often and cost about LKR 50 per individual, ( may bear down extra LKR 50 per piece of luggage ) and take about 1.5 hour. There are taxis available straight from the airdrome to Galle. The journey by cab takes about four hours and is the most expensive option to travel. Transportations to metropolis ( from the airdrome ) Taxi/Bus/Metro etc. , distance and traveling clip Wordss: 100 From the airdrome, one can lease a auto or engage a cab, to Colombo or beyond to Galle itself. Alternately, take coach # 187 from the airdrome to The Fort Railway Station in Colombo. From Colombo, a coach or a train or a cab can be taken to Galle. Buss do non run straight to Galle. However, one can catch a coach to Colombo and so catch a connecting coach to Colombo. The journey by coach takes about 4 hours form the airdrome to Galle. Trains are another option to make Galle. However, to catch the train, one has to come to Colombo Fort station from the airdrome. The distance between Colombo and Galle is 117 kilometer and the journey by train takes about 2 hours. Trains Train station info: Basic info on the station/s. Location and distance from metropolis landmarks. Facilities at the station Wordss: 100 The train station in Galle is located near to the cricket land and near the garrison country. The coach base is merely 500 m off from the station. One can catch a coach signifier the station for going around the metropolis. The station has ATMs and currency exchange counters. There is besides a supermarket outside the station from where one can purchase food markets and other material. The Galle Fort is at a walking distance from the Galle railroad station. One can besides develop timings at www.bluehaventours.com If nearby train station, include distance, manner of conveyance and travelling clip Wordss: 100 The coach station is near to the train station and there are coachs available to other parts of the metropolis every bit good as other neighboring countries. Buss run often from the station and the cheapest manner of conveyance to go. However, they can acquire crowded. Three Wheelers and taxis are besides available from outside the station. The three Wheelers or the tuk tuks do non hold a meter installed, which is why 1 has to negociate a monetary value before get oning the three Wheeler. Facilities available in the trains Wordss: 50 The intercity express is a train which runs from Colombo to Galle. The train has sleeper category and anterior reserve is needed to board the train. The train has big seats and broad insides. Buss Bus station info: If multiple coach Stationss, reference them and portion info Wordss: 200 The chief coach station of Galle is located in the cardinal country of the metropolis, outside the train station. Buss originate from here and travel to other parts of the metropolis and besides neighbouring metropoliss. There are air learned coachs every bit good as standard coachs available from the coach station. The coachs run at regular intervals, normally at a spread of 15-20 proceedingss. There are bus bases near major tourer attractive forces, and coachs provide good connectivity within the metropolis. However, coachs can acquire crowded, as they are the popular manner of conveyance in the metropolis. Operators: Govt. and Private, Frequency of operation Wordss: 100 Both authorities and private coachs ply on the Colombo Galle path. Frequency of the coachs ranges from 15 to 30 mins. Weather Summary: General clime, Best clip to see Wordss: 200 Galle s conditions remains pleasant throughout the twelvemonth. Coastal and low-land countries have a high temperature around 30 C. Humidity is high, sometimes upto 90 % . Galle being on the south-western seashore experiences the southwest monsoon from late April or May to September/October, with May and June being the wettest months. The best clip to see Galle is from November to mid April. Galle being a cosmopolite with a figure of exiles settled here, does non shut down in the monsoon season like some other smaller towns. However, the sea remains jerky during this season and activities may be restricted. Cotton apparels are advisable throughout the twelvemonth, with extra waterproof protective vesture required during the monsoon season. Visa Visa info: Basic debut on visa Wordss: 200 It is easy for Indians to obtain the Sri Lankan visa, because of the assorted tie ups and the 1954 understanding between India and Sri Lanka. India is one of the 80 states listed in the agenda A of Sri Lanka Visa list. Residents of any of these states can obtain the visiting visa at the port of entry in Sri Lanka. The paperss required are valid passport, application signifier, exposure and visa fees. Default cogency of visa is 30 yearss which can be extended by 2 months. Visa fee is about LKR 150 with a revenue enhancement of LKR 1.50. Tourists can besides acquire theodolite visa at the entry port if the traveller is doing an incident journey to Sri Lanka during his/her onward journey to his/her concluding finishs. Sri Lanka besides has a invitee Visa strategy, which encourages foreign investors to shack with household in Sri Lanka and contribute to the socio economic development of the state. The occupant s visa can be availed by the partner, kids, and parents of the primary applier along with the applier. There are some investing demands to be fulfilled in order to obtain the occupant guest strategy of visa. For farther information, please contact: Sri Lanka High Comission, India 196, T. T. K. Road, Alwarpet 600 018 Chennai India Telephone: +91-44-498-7896 +91-44-498-7612 Facsimile: +91-44-498-7894 Electronic mail: sldehico @ md3.vsnl.net.in Or Department of Immigration and Emigration # 41, Ananda Rajakaruna Mawatha, Maradana, Colombo 10 Tele: +00-94-11-5329000, +00-94-11-5329316/20/21/25 Electronic mail: dcvisa @ immigration.gov.lk Web site: www.immigration.gov.lk Based on arising state clip period, on arrival handiness etc Wordss: 200 If one is from India, one can acquire a visa on reaching in Sri Lanka. However, if one wishes to use for a Visa before set downing in Sri Lanka, one can make so by using at the Sri Lankan high committee in the state. It normally takes 3-4 yearss to acquire the visa for Sri Lanka. One needs a valid passport, two passport sized exposure, a duly filled application signifier and visa fee to use for a visa to the state. Residents of Britain, Australia, US, Canada, Japan and other EU states do non necessitate a visa to see Sri Lanka. Tourists from the undermentioned states are issued visas free of charge for a period of 30 yearss on reaching at Colombo Airport ( installation applicable merely for the tourers ) : ( B ) subjects of Albania, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China ( PR, including Hong Kong ) , Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Korea ( Rep ) , Kuwait, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Maldives, Montenegro, Nepal, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Serbia and Montenegro, Singapore, Slovenia, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey and United Arab Emirates ; ( degree Celsius ) subjects of CIS states. However, all concern travellers to the state need a visa. Documents required, Processing clip etc. Wordss: 100 India is one of the states listed in the agenda A of Sri Lanka Visa list. One can obtain the visit visa on reaching in Sri Lanka with the paperss such as valid passport, application signifier, exposure and visa fees. If one is using for a visa before coming to the state, it normally takes 3-4 on the job yearss for the application to acquire processed. The visa allows a 30 twenty-four hours of stay cogency along with an extension for 2 months allowed with grounds. Visa fee is about 150INR with a revenue enhancement of 1.50INR. Currency Overview: Name, denominations etc. Wordss: 50 The currency used is the Sri Lankan Rupee represented as LKR. Each rupee has 100 cents. Coins come in denominations of LKR 10, 5,2 and 1 and 25 and 50 cents. Notes are available in denominations of LKR 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000. It is advisable to maintain alteration ready to hand as alteration may non be available with all tradesmans. Accepted Currencies: Other currencies widely accepted Wordss: 50 Most of the hotels and travel services quote their rates in US Dollar or Euros. However the payments still need to be made in the Sri Lankan Rupee. The Indian Rupee besides can non be used for any minutess and must be converted. Some hotels may accept payments from recognition cards of another currency. Currency handiness: Best locations where to change over currencies, ATM, Money modifiers, acceptableness of traveler s checks and international recognition cards, Comparative fees charged for these services One can interchange the currency at the airdrome itself, which has many exchange counters, which are unfastened 24/7. The exchange rates at the airdrome are normally the best. There are besides assorted ATMs available on the airdrome itself, if one needs to retreat money. However, the Bankss may subtract some service charges for retreating money from an ATM. ATMs and money money changers can besides be found near the fort country or in markets. However, the money money changers in this country do non offer really good exchange rates. Private Bankss, like Commercial Bank, Hatton National Bank, HSBC and Sampath Bank offer a quicker service than their government-run rivals ( Bank of Ceylon, People s Bank and National Savings Bank ) . It is ever advised to do all foreign exchange minutess through authorized Bankss or exchanges with the proviso of an encashment reception. Changing money through unauthorized traders is illegal. Unspent rupees may be reconverted at a commercial bank before one leaves the state. Travelers checks ( T/Cs ) issued by American Express and Thomas Cook ( in UK? , US $ or Euro a‚Â ¬ ) are best and are accepted without trouble and give a somewhat better exchange rate than currency notes in Sri Lanka. They besides offer the security of replacing if lost or stolen. Banking Hourss Mon FriA A A Most Bankss are unfastened from 9.00 am to 3.00 autopsies, while certain Bankss are unfastened till 5.00 autopsy SaturdayA A A Most Bankss are unfastened on Saturdays till 1.00 autopsy SundaysA A A A A Banks are closed Info on Forex modifiers and possibilities of best monetary values Wordss: 50 Foreign currency can be exchanged at the Bandaranaike International Airport every bit good as Bankss, hotels and authorized exchanges found all over the city.A However, one should avoid hotels, which ever charge immense premium over the rates available in the metropolis locations. Alert on cozenages and tips to avoid them Wordss: 50 Sri Lanka, along with many states has a major job with credit/debit card fraud card planing etc. Peoples have even had jobs at the airdrome. Therefore, it is best advised to utilize the recognition cards merely when highly necessary. Some constitutions may seek to add a surcharge on the recognition cards payments, which is illegal. Touts and peddlers may jostle and force you while seeking to take you to a peculiar hotel or attractive force as besides for taxis and three-wheelers. It is advisable to non to go entirely after dark. In instance of larceny or any unpleasant incident, reach the Tourist Police Unit Insurance Overview General write-up: What is Travel insurance? What s covered and what s non, How one can use, How one can claim, which are the taking companies. Wordss: 150 Travel insurance or Overseas Medical Insurance is something one should neer bury whenever be aftering an abroad trip. It is indispensable because it covers against medical and other fiscal exigencies that may go on during your travel, like trip hold, loss of passport etc. While a low cost policy does cover the rudimentss, it normally does non cover all affairs of exigencies. Travel insurance is one country where it is non advisable to purchase the cheapest policy. Always do a small research to find the degrees of screen offered with the policy. Major Players in India: ICICI Lombard, Bajaj Allianz, TATA AIG, New India Insurance A ; Royal Sundaram etc. Travel insurance can now be bought straight on the web. Frequent travelers may desire to purchase Multi trip / Frequent Flier plans. In instance of a medical exigency, one must reach the insurance company s Third Party Administrator who can so set up for cashless claims for medical intervention. To do a claim, it is necessary to maintain grosss, or constabularies study, in instance of theft/loss of passport and/or properties. Destination specific insurance policy, Single traveler insurance, Family insurance, against Illnesses etc. Wordss: 150 Insurance premium differs between the companies, as there are some alone benefits with each supplier. There are few who besides provide insurance against hard currency loss / stolen every bit good. Insurance is categorized for chiefly US / Non-US travel and premium varies between these finishs. Besides, there are certain finishs, which are non considered safe or attract inauspicious evaluation from International Safety Organizations or your state of beginning. Thesiss may hold a high premium or limited liabilities offered holding certain exclusions. Insurance sum besides varies as per the amount assured. For an illustration, for Sri Lanka travel, for 5 yearss for a Single traveler, ICICI Lombard Overseas Medical Policy costs around INR 600/- , for a amount assured of USD 50K. For a household travel, insurance cost can be straight relative to figure of grownup / kid going together. However, there are certain household bundles besides, where predominating strategies need to be checked with the particular operators. Traveling Within Traveling within Overview Overview of the options to go within / inside the finish Wordss: 200 The chief travel in Galle is within and around the metropolis. Regular trains are scheduled from Galle to Colombo in the North or Matara to the South. There is a web of services of private coachs from the cardinal coach station to assorted finishs. When going by route, sooner engage a accredited vehicle ( with driver ) for the twenty-four hours or prosecute a cab or tuk-tuk for local journeys. Sri Lanka has a good web of roads linking all major towns A ; tourist finishs. Vehicles drive on the left of the route. The Central Transport Board besides has a broad web of coach services. Express coachs are available to all major metropoliss from Galle. Taxis are besides easy available in the metropolis. Lot of people besides use tuk-tuk, three-wheelers for travel around the metropolis. The cheapest manner of conveyance to go within the metropolis is the coach followed by the three Wheelers. A short journey in a three Wheeler costs around LKR 100. The menu for a coach journey within the metropolis ranges from Rs 4 to Rs 25, depending on the distance travelled. Buss ( info incl. contact inside informations A ; links ) : 50 words Buss run often within the metropolis and offer good connectivity. The Sri Lankan Tourist Development Authority has initiated Tourss in and around Galle to the touristry hot spots. Private coachs ( semi luxury and luxury ) have besides been recently added to the Galle Road service, although they are still in little Numberss merely. They may hold English mark of finish name. By and large they are better maintained and more comfy with drapes and soft seats. Taxis 50 words Some hotels have their ain taxis for invitees, private chauffer goaded autos are easy available for one-way or return journeys, half yearss, full yearss or more. However, one should negociate on a menu before going. Galle has Taxi services where the autos frequently have metres get downing on Rs. 40 and charge about Rs. 65 per kilometre. Some of them may hold air conditioning. Metro/Subway 50 words There is no metro service in Galle as of now. Trains 50 words Train services are easy available to acquire to nearby topographic points. The trains are available for all budgets, from luxury to the economic system category. The trains to other tourist topographic points like Bentota and Kandy are busy at all times. Trains are run by the Sri lankan Government. The approximative menu for a one manner journey by train from Galle to a neighbouring metropolis ranges from Rs 114 to Rs 250, depending on the distance travelled and the category of travel. Others 50 words Three Wheelers are a popular option for intercity travel. However, they do non hold a meter installed, which is why 1 has to negociate a monetary value before get oning. Recently, the Sri Lankan touristry board has introduced Tuk Tuks which have meters installed. These can be identified from their different coloring material combination that the remainder. Indicative menus 50 words The coach menu ranges from Rs 4 to Rs 25 for a one manner trip. A one manner trip by cab can be upwards of Rs 250. The menu for Tuk tuks starts at Rs 50 for 3 kilometers and goes up as the distance additions. The approximative menu for trains for intracity travel is Rs 114 to Rs 250, depending on the distance and the category. Pass ( tourist/visitor A ; otherwise ) : 50 words There are no tourer passes available for travel Car leases There are plentifulness of private operators supplying auto rental services in the metropolis. However, to book a auto, one must be 23yrs or older, have a Sri Lankan or International drive licence, possess a recognition card and do the reserve for at least 1 hebdomad. Ratess vary for auto leases harmonizing to the auto selected and the continuance wanted for. For illustration, a Suzuki Alto rents for USD 150.00 for a hebdomad. Mileage restriction is 90 kilometer / per twenty-four hours. Excess milage costs USD 0.16 per kilometer A Jeep / Nissan X-trail will lease forA USD 373.00 a hebdomad and extra milage is USD 0.40 per kilometer Other Public Transportation Buss: Timings of Operation, Frequency, Connectivity, Average day-to-day fare/Daily base on balls Wordss: 100 The Central Transport Board ( CTB ) and private coach companies operate parallel services. The frequence of the coachs is good, normally at an interval of 20-25 proceedingss, but the coachs are normally crowded. The coachs provide good connectivity, with coach Stationss spread across the metropolis, at popular tourer finishs. There is no installation of a day-to-day base on balls available right now. The approximative menu for coachs is between Rs 4 to Rs 25, for a standard coach. Taxis: Timings of Operation, Frequency, Connectivity, Average daily menu Wordss: 100 Taxiss are easy available in the metropolis and all major tourer finishs, but dialogue demands to be done on the monetary value forepart. Taxis can besides be arranged from the hotel itself, although it might be a little more expensive. Approximate menu for cab for a distance of 5 kilometer is LKR 100. Hired mini-vans with a driver are besides available through travel bureaus and hotel concierges Metro/Train: Timings of Operation, Frequency, Connectivity, Average day-to-day fare/Daily base on balls Wordss: 100 Trains are non meant for intercity travel. One can go from Galle to other neighbouring metropoliss via train. The trains do non run often and frequently run behind agenda. There are economic system trains available every bit good as luxury trains for travel. Anterior reserve is required for some trains like the Intercity Express. Intercity Express has sleeper category and large seats. The approximative menu for a one manner train journey ranges from Rs 114 to Rs 250, depending on the distance travelled. Other: Rickshaw/Trishaw etc. Wordss: 50 Geting about by tuk-tuk is most convenient. Most three-wheelers do non hold any metres fitted with them and so one has to ever negociate and hold on a monetary value before one takes a trip. The approximative menu for three Wheelers ranges from Rs 50 to Rs 250.

Higgins, Pygmalion essays

Higgins, Pygmalion essays Professor Higgins is seen throughout Pygmalion as a very rude man. While one may expect a well educated man, such as Higgins, to be a gentleman, he is far from it. Higgins believes that how you treated someone is not important, as long as you treat everyone equally. The great secret, Eliza, is not having bad manners or good manners or any other particular sort of manners, but having the same manner for all human souls: in short, behaving as if you were in Heaven, where there are no third- class carriages, and one soul is as good as another. -Higgins, Act V Pygmalion. Higgins presents this theory to Eliza, in hope of justifying his treatment of her. This theory would be fine IF Higgins himself lived by it. Henry Higgins, however, lives by a variety of variations of this philosophy. It is easily seen how Higgins follows this theory. He is consistently rude towards Eliza, Mrs. Pearce, and his mother. His manner is the same to each of them, in accordance to his philosophy. However the Higgins we see at the parties and in good times with Pickering is well mannered. This apparent discrepancy between Higgins' actions and his word, may not exist, depending on There are two possible translations of Higgins' philosophy. It can be viewed as treating everyone the same all of the time or treating everyone It is obvious that Higgins does not treat everyone equally all of the time, as witnessed by his actions when he is in "one of his states" (as Mrs. Higgins' parlor maid calls it). The Higgins that we see in Mrs. Higgins' parlor is not the same Higgins we see at the parties. When in "the state" Henry Higgins wanders aimlessly around the parlor, irrationally moving from chair to chair, highly unlike the calm Professor Higgins we see at the ball. Higgins does not believe that a person should have the same manner tow ...

12 French Verbs You Might Not Be Using

12 French Verbs You Might Not Be Using Even after nearly a decade of French classes and numerous visits to France, there were some verbs that I didnt use until I moved here and was immersed in the language and culture. Some I had never learned, while others just seemed unusual or unnecessary. In case youre in the same boat, here are a dozen French verbs that I find essential in France, even if my French teachers didnt seem to think so.AssumerTo be fair, assumer is not a verb that I use every day, but I sure hear it a lot, especially in movies and TV shows. It doesnt mean to assume as in to take something for granted (the French translation of that meaning is prà ©sumer), but rather to assume / take on responsbility for something. So its very common in dramatic scenarios, like when one character does something wrong and another character tells him to accept the consequences.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aprà ¨s son accident, jai dà » assumer le rà ´le de mon collà ¨gue.  Ã‚  Ã‚  After his accident, I had to take on / assume my collea gues role.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest toi qui las fait, alors assume  !   Ã‚  Ã‚  You did it, so accept the consequences!Conjugating assumer | Using assumerSe dà ©brouillerIts funny that I only learned this verb after Id been studying French for many years, because se dà ©brouiller is perfect for describing less than perfect language skills. Possible translations include to get by, to manage, to cope. Se dà ©brouiller can also refer to getting by in non-language situations, and the non-reflexive dà ©brouiller means to untangle, to sort out.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il se dà ©brouille bien en franà §ais.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He gets by fairly well in French, He speaks fairly good French.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu te dà ©brouilles trà ¨s bien.  Ã‚  Ã‚  You do very well for yourself, You make a good living.Conjugating dà ©brouiller | Using dà ©brouillerFaillirI love the verb faillir, partly because its not equivalent to a verb in English, but rather an adverb: to almost (do something).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai failli manquer lautobus.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I almost missed the bus.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elle a failli tomber ce matin.  Ã‚  Ã‚  She nearly fell this morning.Conjugating faillir | Using faillirFicherFicher has a number of different meanings and uses. In the normal register, ficher means to file or to stick/drive (something) into (something). Informally, ficher means to do, to give, to put, and more.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a dà ©j fichà © les documents.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He already filed the documents.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mais quest-ce que tu fiches, l  ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  What the heck are you doing?Conjugating ficher | Using ficherIgnorerIgnorer is another great French verb that needs an adverb in the English translation: to not know. Sure, you can also say ne pas savoir, but ignorer is shorter and somehow more elegant.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jignore comment elle la fait.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I dont know how she did it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il prà ©tend ignorer pourquoi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He claims not to know why.Conjugating ignorer | Using ignorerInstallerYou know installer means to install, put in, set up, but it has additional meanings: to put up (e.g., curtains) and to furnish (a room). Sinstaller means to settle (into a lodging), to set oneself up, to sit down, or to take hold.  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Tu as bien installà © ton appartement.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Youve furnished your apartment nicely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Nous nous sommes enfin installà ©s dans la nouvelle maison.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Were finally settled in the new home.Conjugating installer | Using installerRangerRanger means to arrange, tidy, put away - any sort of action related to putting things where they belong. (Please, no comments on why I didnt know this verb.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peux-tu maider ranger la cuisine  ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Could you help me tidy up the kitchen?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a rangà © les documents dans le tiroir.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He put the documents away in the drawer.Conjugating ranger | Using rangerSe rà ©galerIts not surprising that the French have a verb, se rà ©galer, for talking about how delicious something is, but what is unusual is that the subject of the verb in the English translation can be different. Note that se rà ©galer can also mean to have a good time, and that rà ©galer means either to treat someone to a meal or to regale someone with a story.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je me suis rà ©galà © !  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was delici ous! I had a delicious meal!  Ã‚  Ã‚  On sest bien rà ©galà © la fà ªte.  Ã‚  Ã‚  We had a great time at the party. Conjugating rà ©galer | Using rà ©galerRisquerYou likely use risquer to talk about risks, but what you might not know is that it can also be used for positive possibilities.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attention, tu risques de tomber.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Careful, you might fall.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je pense vraiment que notre à ©quipe risque de gagner.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I really think our team might win.Conjugating risquer | Using risquerTenirTenir is another verb with a whole host of meanings that you might not be aware of: to hold, keep, run (a business), take up (space), and more.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peux-tu tenir mon sac ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Can you hold my bag?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ses affaires tiennent pas mal de place.  Ã‚  Ã‚  His things take up a fair amount of space.Conjugating tenir | Using tenirTrierThe verb trier is used to talk about sorting everything from recyclables to baskets of fruit.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut trier avant de recycler.  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have to sort (your garbage) before recycling (it).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beaucoup de ces frambois es sont pourries - aide-moi les trier.  Ã‚  Ã‚  A lot of these raspberries are rotten - help me sort them (separate the good and bad ones). Conjugating trier | Using trierTutoyerThe quintessential French verb, you can use tutoyer only when you think its time to take your relationships to the next level: switching from vous to tu. (And dont forget about its antonym vouvoyer.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  On peut se tutoyer ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Can we use tu?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normalement, on tutoie ses parents.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normally, people use tu with their parents.Conjugating tutoyer | Using tutoyerRelated lessons:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top 10 verbs  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 verbs you might be overusing

The role of play in the curriculm for young children with special Term Paper

The role of play in the curriculm for young children with special needs - Term Paper Example It is believed that such pedagogy enables young children to begin the process of early learning (Open University, 2009). During play, â€Å"children demonstrate improved verbal communications, high levels of social and interaction skills, creative use of play materials, imaginative and divergent thinking skills and problem-solving capabilities† (Wood, 2004, p. 21). Play offers many benefits. It engages the mind to actively imagine various scenarios for fun or for problem-solving. Babies and toddlers display play in motion and we observe that they do it to get to know their world – how things work, how people react, etc. They get to explore and discover things that otherwise they will not learn about if they do not actively engage in play. Free exploration is considered Heuristic play by Holland (2003). It is encouraged without adult intervention. Adults simply provide simple materials and allow the child to just be and let his imagination take off . â€Å"The child lea rns from observing directly what these objects will ‘do’ or ‘not do’, in sharp contrast to much of the ‘educational’ equipment which has a result predetermined by the design which has been devised by the adult maker (Holland, 2003, p. 142). Heuristic play will not only stimulate a child’s thinking, but it also develops his creativity as he will see in his mind endless possibilities in imaginatively transforming ordinary objects into various things with various functions. Play has value in all the developmental areas of children (Macintyre, 2003). Unwittingly, children delight in games that stimulate thinking. Such cognitive benefits extend to their real lives as they make decisions, compare and contrast things, use their imaginations and thinking critically and creatively. Play also engages the body. Certain games involve gross and fine motor coordination. It also helps to expend the stored energy within them, willing to be set free. Run ning around, jumping, tumbling and other physical activities help them be physically fit as well as release tension. Active play develops their muscles, agility, flexibility and endurance. It is the foundation of one’s potential for certain sports. Socially, play coaxes a shy child outside his shell. Play fosters the development of friendships. As children play with other children or adults, they get to know about how other people behave, think and feel. They also get to learn socially acceptable behavior like not hurting others and playing fair. Most importantly, they get to know themselves better- how they react to certain situations in the play setting. Vygotsky (1978) believed that children’s intellectual development is influenced more by social context than by individual experiences. His theory places a great deal of emphasis on effective social interaction. Bingham (2008) cites Vygotsky (1978) as he writes: â€Å"Play creates a zone of proximal development of th e child. In play the child always behaves beyond his average age, above his daily behavior; in play it is as though he were a head taller than himself." He defined the ZPD as the distance between a child’s independent problem-solving level and that obtained under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers (Wertsch, 1985). A young learner’s exposure to peers, teachers and other adults and learning materials greatly influences his development. â€Å"Such cognitive apprenticeships are, of course, inherently reliant on a

Greek Periods of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Greek Periods of Art - Essay Example The Archaic Greek Period The era assigned to the archaic Greek period of art is 800 to 500 BC. Greek art was very naturalistic in the archaic period. The sculptures created by the artists of that time represented males and females in a somewhat inflexible pose. Artists used to create statues of men and in different poses. Some artists used to create heads of warriors whereas some used to represent their gods in different forms of statues. If we take a closer look at the human sculptures of the archaic period, we come to know that the characteristic archaic smile and the human body’s anatomy are prominent in almost all sculptures. The Archaic phase is best known for the realistic representation of humans and stone sculptures. In the archaic period, the development of the Kouros and Kore statues were the focus of most of the artists. The statues of men represented warriors and gods whether statues of women representing women in the forms of goddesses, nymphs, and the other pries tesses. Standing and seated girls and nude bodies of men and women are some of the most prominent artworks of the archaic period. Artists of the archaic period used to achieve realistic likeliness in picturing the human figure and representing them in the form of abstract figures of the geometric style (Hill). The stiffness, solidity, and gracefulness represent the influence of Egyptian art on the artists of that time. Neutralism was not the expertise of the artists of the archaic period. The artists used to cover their inability to achieve neutralism by giving archaic smile, clenched fists, and outstretched palm style to the sculptures. In all of the three periods of Greek art, which the h include archaic, classical, and Hellenistic periods, there were early, high, and later phases which show the emergence, peak, and ending signs of those periods. The Classical Greek Period The era assigned to the classical Greek period of art is 480 to 323 BC. This era is known as the golden age t hat starts from the time the Athens rose to the prominence and ends with the death of Alexander the Great. Human statues were very heroically proportioned in that age reflecting the Greek humanistic belief in man’s nobility and the desire to look like gods (Esaak). In the classical Greek period, artists were greatly involved in creating human statues of different styles. One thing, which is similar in the archaic period and the classical period, is that the artists from both periods focused on the development of the human statues.

The election of Federico Peña Essay Example for Free

The election of Federico Peà ±a Essay Both the election of Federico Peà ±a as Denver City Mayor in 1983 and the campaign of Victor Morales for US Senate in 1996 were considered as historic firsts: Peà ±a was among the first Hispanics to be elected as mayor of a major US city; while it was also the first time that the senatorial candidate of a major political party in Texas was of Hispanic origin, in the case of Morales. Apparently, these two cases have given renewed interest on the study of participation of minorities in a pluralist democracy, such as in this case, the Hispanics in the US electoral exercises. Not only that Hispanics seldom ran for elected office, it was also the general observation that they were less politically active and were also reluctant to exercise their rights to vote as seen in the pattern of low voter turnouts across the US.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, the case of Peà ±a was historic not only because it was the first time that Denver had a Mexican American mayor, but also because of the record turnout in 1983. Peà ±a, as well as Morales, actively attempted to increase minority, particularly Hispanic voter turnout. To his credit, the high turnout which favored Peà ±a’s campaign did not consist solely of Mexican Americans, because he was able to build a liberal coalition of minorities which did not only include the ethnic and racial minorities but also cut across different socio-economic classes and interest groups. Morales, on the other hand relied heavily on the large Hispanic population in Texas. Even if the Morales campaign was able to encourage Hispanics to register – also at a record-high – only 45.4% of the registered Hispanic voters actually voted. Morales’ failure to lure more Hispanics to vote, compounded by his lack of appeal to the Anglo voters due to his disparaging racial remarks, resulted in his loss, albeit with a slim margin, to the incumbent re-electionist senator. On his part, Peà ±a was able to avoid a campaign divided on racial lines because his being active in Mexican American civic organizations and his stint as a legislator helped him project support to minority concerns without necessarily delving on racial issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As such, experience had increased the quality of Peà ±a as a candidate, in contrast to Morales. Peà ±a is a lawyer and was a member of the state House of Representatives before he ran for the mayoralty race; while Morales, who is a public school teacher, only had his formal political experience when he became city councilman and a Democratic Party precinct chairman. Political experience had also tremendous impact on their organizational and coalition-building skills. Although they both operated their campaigns on relatively limited funds, Peà ±a in 1983, was able to use his strong ties with the labor sector, neighborhood organizations, environmentalists, young professionals and other sectors, and was able to come-up with a dynamic, well-organized campaign supported by endorsements of important societal groups, his clear positions on issues, and a large number of able volunteers. Wide knowledge on different issues also worked to Peà ±a’s advantage; while the lack of it had been a discredit to Morales, especially as it was also one of the reasons why he was not able to establish sustainable rapport with the free media. Moreover, Morales had not been a member of any local Mexican American organization which could have provided him with the necessary grassroots or volunteer support and fund-raising skills. Morales even shunned the Hispanic political elites when he missed a meeting of state Hispanic elected officials a very influential group who could have given him all-out support only because he is Hispanic. Morales also had poor organizational skills as his campaign was described to be supported by inexperienced and underfinanced staff that could not even return calls or answer simple questions about their candidate’s campaign, mainly due to insistence of Morales to decide on almost every matter. The lack of funds had also wasted a lot of campaign time for Morales who insisted on traveling in his truck instead of by plane to his campaign appearances in different locations in Texas. This and his reliance on volunteers, made him resort to the inexpensive but time- and energy-consuming â€Å"block walking† in his campaigns. The ordeal of walking or traveling on truck around a large US State, however, was not present in Peà ±a’s bid for city mayor; although like Morales, Peà ±a also preferred open and face-to-face interaction, as in the latter’s â€Å"town meetings†, which he often held when he was elected as mayor of Denver City. Morales’ difficulty in funding could also be attributed to his fund-raising principles. For one, he did not accept contributions from business political action committees or entities associated with the tobacco companies. He also believed that his amazing win in the Democratic primaries, wherein he spent only $15,000, would carry him through the state elections. He also probably expected the Democratic Party to fund his campaign, which in turn, did not support him because it did not believe that he stood a chance against the incumbent Senator who had been in the position for 12 years and was supported by a campaign machinery that was at least six times bigger than his. Morales should have accepted the importance of money in a state-wide campaign and realized that he could not run a city campaign headquarters with just $200 (his monthly budget allocation for his Houston office). Lastly, even if the Democratic Party did not support Morales’ campaign financially, his nomination helped him obtain the Democratic votes, which contributed to his close bid in the senatorial race, despite the apparent Republican character of the Texas state at that time. Denver’s mayoralty race in 1983, was however, nonpartisan because Peà ±a’s strong contenders were also democrats, His party membership only mattered in 1987 when he ran for re-election against a Republican candidate, to which he almost lost because many of his constituents were already disappointed for his failure to make Denver a â€Å"great city† after his first term, and because Peà ±a could not focus on specific minority concerns since he was constrained to form effective governing coalitions. Ironically, Morales’ campaign became a legacy not only because of his unquestioned status as an outsider in the political game, but also because he was overcame only by a slight majority even if he had to battle all the odds during his unusual campaign.

I am a Child of the World :: Law College Admissions Essays

I am a Child of the World One of the questions I was asked most frequently when I arrived at college was "where are you from?" Unlike most students, I could not quickly answer this question. Whereas many students have spent most of their lives in one or two areas, my feeling of "home" was not that simple. I was born in Canada and lived there until I was seven; then my family moved to Belgium. After five years in Belgium, we moved to Minnesota, where I spent my high school years. As I left for college, my parents moved to Switzerland and have since divorced. Currently, my mom lives in Minnesota, and my dad resides in Liechtenstein. I am still a Canadian citizen, but have permanent residency status in the United States. While these events could have led to a confused identity and feeling of homelessness, I believe that my experiences have given me a unique perspective on the world and an ability to feel "at home" wherever I may be. The experience of living in Europe was one of the most important aspects of my personal development, as exposure to different at a young age gave me a broad worldview that I would not have gained by staying in one place. Daily life in a foreign country teaches one to have patience, respect, and tolerance for people who speak a different language and have different customs. Cultural differences can make simple tasks such as going to the grocery store difficult at first, but over time my family adapted to the norms of Belgian culture. The opportunity to travel throughout Europe also gave me a unique set of experiences that have stayed with me. After all, how many ten-year-olds from Canada have stood in awe of the Acropolis or felt the somberness of the war cemeteries at Normandy? These experiences, combined with my Canadian heritage, have provided an important backdrop for developing a sense of respect for those who are different, a sense that I have found lacking in American society. While my experiences abroad have contributed a great deal to my personal growth, they have also made it difficult to identify with one place as home. Minnesota became the closest thing to home after spending my teenage years there, but my parents' divorce during my sophomore year of college further tested my ability to maintain a sense of identity.

Blue Nile and Diamond Retailing Essay

1.What are some key success factors in diamond retailing? How do Blue Nile, Zales, and Tiffany compare on those dimensions? Key drivers of customer purchases in diamond retailing include quality and range of products offered, reputation, professional advice offered, and customer perception and emotional bonds, including a positive buying experience and customer service. Success is also dependent upon obtaining economies of scale through such avenues as preferential access to resources, an effective supply chain and marketing strategy, as well as an ability to control facilities and operating costs and manage inventory effectively. Blue Nile’s, Zales’, and Tiffany’s key success factors in dealing with customers are related to the characteristics of their individual target markets. Blue Nile, for example, offers high quality diamonds and fine jewelry online that are comparable to Tiffany’s but with markups that are lower than Tiffany’s and Zales’. Blue Nile, which was founded in 1999, focuses on customers who want good value and who prefer to shop conveniently from home and without incurring high pressure sales tactics. They also provide customers with easy-to-understand jewelry education, as well as the ability to design custom jewelry. However, its customers must forego a hands-on purchasing experience as well as the instant delivery offered by Tiffany’s and Zales’ retail locations. Tiffany, which opened in 1834, is an independent, specialty jeweler that offers premium-priced diamond rings, gemstone and fine jewelry, watches, and crystal and sterling silver serving pieces. Tiffany’s exclusivity and prestigious brand image, extensive service, and fashionable locations allow it to maintain and gain luxury market share domestically and globally. In contrast, Zales, a specialty retailer of diamond fashion jewelry and diamond rings in the U.S. since 1924, has high name-brand recognition and appeal to value-conscious shoppers. Zales’ chain of retail venues for its middle-class target customers includes Zales Jewelers, Gordon’s, and Piercing Pagoda’s mall-based kiosks that appeal to teenagers. Zales offers more moderately priced and promotion-driven products compared to Blue Nile and Tiffany. It also competes with discounters such as Costco. Economies of scale and sourcing are achieved differently by each company. Blue Nile has the most cost-effective business model because of exclusive supplier relationships that allow the online retailer to offer a manufacturer’s diamond inventory without purchasing it until needed. In addition to low warehouse and inventory costs, Blue Nile avoids the facilities investment expense and operating costs of the bricks-and-mortar retailers. U.S. retailer Zales is able to obtain economies of scale because of its large number of stores, but high inventory costs due to extreme changes in product offerings and marketing strategy in 2006-2007 confused its traditional customers and severely hurt its bottom line. Tiffany sustains high profit margins through its globally dispersed locations and online presence, established third- party sourcing as well as in-house manufacturing which provided 60 percent of its products, and by utilizing centralized inventory management to maintain tight con trol over its supply chain and reduce operational risk. 2.What do you think of the fact that Blue Nile carries over 30,000 stones priced at $2,500 or higher while almost 60 percent of the products sold from the Tiffany Website are priced at around $200? Which of the two product categories is better suited to the strengths of the online channel? Blue Nile is able to successfully offer diamonds priced up to $1 million or more online by emphasizing the large variety of certified high-quality stones available and a markup that is significantly lower than that of its store-front competitors. The main source of Blue Nile’s competitive advantage over traditional, store-based retail jewelers is that it has lower facilities cost and inventory expense. Only one central warehouse is needed to stock its entire inventory although outbound transportation costs are high because it provides customers free overnight shipping. Additionally, through exclusive supply relationships, the firm is allowed to display for sale the inventory of some of the world’s largest diamond manufacturers/wholesalers. Selling high-priced diamonds online works for Blue Nile because its competitive strategy is based on the priorities of its target market customers. These online customers want high-quality diamonds, but place strong emphasis on receiv ing good value for the cost and on product variety, are willing to wait for their jewelry, and often prefer to customize their purchases. In comparison, Tiffany successfully uses a combination of over 180 exclusive worldwide retail stores and an online channel to benefit from the strengths of both channels. Approximately 48 percent of the company’s net sales come from products containing diamonds, with more than half of retail sales coming from high-end jewelry with an average sale price of over $3,000. Its online offerings, however, focus on non-gemstone, sterling silver jewelry with an average price of $200. The company offers a wide variety of these low demand items with high demand uncertainty, and they account for more than half of its online sales. Online sales are facilitated by Tiffany’s already-in-place centralized inventory management system, in-house manufacturing, and strong supply chain and information infrastructure. These lower-priced products increase the firm’s potential customer base and improve margins by reducing operating costs. Tiffany’s sales of sterling silver jewelry priced around $200 are more suited for the strengths of the online channel than are Blue Nile’s thousands of stones priced at $2,500 and above. With the growing popularity of e-business, competition with Blue Nile’s sole business model is increasing. In addition, with its well-to-do but price-conscious customer base, the company is more affected by the effects on difficult economic times on purchasing behavior than is Tiffany with its less price-sensitive global customers who demand luxury goods at any price. Blue Nile is also more susceptible to the rising costs of diamonds and of labor because it does not purchase the majority of its diamonds until a customer decides on a purchase. 3.Given that Tiffany stores have thrived with their focus on selling high-end jewelry, what do you think of the failure of Zales with its upscale strategy in 2006? Tiffany’s upscale strategy, affluent customer base, and business model evolved over a period of more than 100 years, and changes such as adding an online distribution channel were made gradually and as an extension of Tiffany’s current business practices. Zales, on the other hand, handled a strategic shift to upscale retailing within a time period of one year and failed drastically as shown by the following chain of events. Feeling the pressure from discounters Wal-Mart and Costco, Zales decided to give up its long-time strategy of selling promotion-driven diamond fashion jewelry and diamond rings in order to pursue high-end customers. In this 2005 ambitious move to become more upscale, Zales invested heavily in higher-priced diamond and gold jewelry with higher margins and dumped its inventory of lower-value pieces. Led by an ambitious CEO, this new strategy initially sounded as if it would work. However, trying abruptly to undo an 81-year-old strategy and brand reputation for selling moderately-priced items was doomed to fail. The company lost many of its traditional customers who were put off by the suddenly higher prices, and it did not win the new ones it had targeted. As a result, Zales abandoned its new strategy in 2006, hired a new CEO, and began transitioning a return to its traditional strategy of attracting the value-oriented customer. This change involved selling off nearly $50 million in discontinued upscale inventory and spending nearly $120 million on new moderately-priced inventory. The actions severely affected Zales’ bottom line for at least the next two years, not to mention alienating its middle-class customer base. The situation was further compounded by rising fuel prices and falling home prices in 2007 which caused a decrease in consumer discretionary spending. 4.What do you think of Tiffany’s decision to open smaller retail outlets, focusing on high-end products, to reach smaller affluent areas in the United States? Opening small, fashionable retail outlets in smaller affluent cities is a good move for Tiffany. Doing so provides the company a quicker, more cost-effective way to expand its store base and its target-market reach in the United States. A smaller store format offers lower operating costs and a shorter payback period on capital investment, both of which help increase margins and returns. With it strong brand equity attracting well-to-do customers and with efficiencies in terms of a high ¬Ã‚ ¬-margin product mix, lower inventories are required, faster turnover results, sales per square foot are higher, and overall store productivity is increased. 5.Which of the three companies do you think was best structured to deal with the downturn in 2009? Zales was most affected by the 2009 economic downturn in the U.S. which severely damaged the country’s retail jewelry industry. The Texas-based company, with retail stores located only in North America, was more vulnerable to adverse U.S. market conditions than the geographically-dispersed Tiffany and Blue Nile. The company was still trying to regain market share among its middle-class customers and handle merchandising issues in light of its failed strategy begun several years earlier to go upscale. Additionally, a new CEO in 2006 who began the company’s return to its traditional strategy based on diamond fashion jewelry and moderately-priced diamond rings, had not been able to restore the company to profitability. Blue Nile, with its already low operating costs and small inventory holdings, was in a better position than Zales to weather the economic downtown. Because Blue Nile does not purchase the majority of its diamonds until a customer places an order, its bottom line was not as severely impacted by customers who began purchasing less expensive jewelry and by those who stopped buying completely because of strong price-sensitivity. Before the downturn, the company had already increased its international Web site presence by launching sites in Canada and the United Kingdom and opened an office in Dublin. The Dublin office offered free shipping to several western European nations, while the U.S. office handled shipping to Asian-Pacific countries. In spite of the above, Blue Nile saw its first decline in sales in the third quarter of 2008. Tiffany, as a jeweler and specialty retailer, was the best structured of the three companies to deal with the 2009 U.S. economic downtown. There is not as strong a correlation between its sales and consumer confidence levels as there is with Blue Nile’s customers. With over 100 stores in international markets, Tiffany’s operations are much more globally diversified than Blue Nile’s. In addition to its extensive global and domestic retail outlets, Tiffany also has the benefit of its e-business distribution channel and of catalog sales. With its strong business model and high margins on a broad range of offerings, tightly controlled supply chain, and the exceptional power of its brand image, Tiffany fared better than Zales and Blue Nile during the economic downturn. 6.What advice would you give to each of the three companies regarding their strategy and structure? In light of the previous answers, I would recommend the following: 1) Zales needs to expand to markets in other than North America to lessen the severity of the effects of future economic downturns in the U.S. With its longstanding presence in the U.S. retail jewelry industry, it should also focus on reinforcing the value of its brand with consumers in its target market. Zales should increase its marketing efforts and continue to expand its e-commerce business. This will generate revenue and improve its margins by lowering operating costs. 2) Blue Nile should continue focusing on its low price for high-quality diamonds and on its unique online customer experience to further differentiate itself from Tiffany’s and other retail jewelry competitors. It definitely needs to expand its international presence by launching more country-specific Web sites, as well as continue enhancing its current Web site. Just as importantly, it needs to diversify its marketing efforts to online communities and to the public in general to increase its brand name recognition and appeal. 3) Tiffany should continue to increase its small-store formats in the U.S. and develop a stronger presence in its direct selling channel. It needs to grow its sizable international operations, particularly the fast-growing Asian luxury market, in addition to entering untapped emerging markets. With the increasing cost of diamonds and gold, it might assess the advisability of participating in sales promotions which it has never before done. Most importantly, Tiffany should continue increasing its supply chain efficiency and protecting its brand equity at call costs.

Improving Organizational Performance Essay

Celsey Evans, of Airdevils, has hired Peter Mallow, of Dream Teamworks, to address the problems currently existing in and affecting the Airdevils Company. These problems consist of dissatisfaction among customers, less wins at award ceremonies, a high turnover rate, and low job satisfaction among employees. Surveys, amongst other factors, determined that job dissatisfaction is particularly high among the stunt performers. With the stunt performers as the target group of the study, Celsey and Peter will identify the reasons for psychological underpinnings of low job satisfaction in the company. Using motivational and behavioral approaches and making adjustments to the core reasons for employee dissatisfaction will help Airdevils attain the status that they seem to have lost. Determining the underlying causes, implementing interventions, creating a team for preparing innovating stunts, and reducing stress among employees are the keys to catapulting Airdevils back to the status it deser ves. According to the JDI and JIG (survey) scores for Airdevils’ employees the stunt performers are the least satisfied in general, but all of the employees are dissatisfied below acceptable levels in Promotion (infrequencies) and Pay (too low). Supervision and Work are also low with stunt performers but higher than â€Å"good† among other employees. If one were to rely on this information alone, one would determine that pay and promotion needs to be examined and adjusted. Further information provided, blogs and profiles, show that there are issues with ‘holier than thou’ attitudes among E8’s, less time at home with family members, low salaries, and drudge routines. After examining these factors one can determine generally that the main cause of low job satisfaction among stunt performers at Airdevils is that the stunts lack exciting challenges. Because the members of Airdevils performing teams were put into hierarchal positions, they were placed into spe cialized stunt routines. This created a more rigid organizational structure. * Though the budget does not allow a perfect overhaul to Celsey’s organization, many interventions can be chosen to be simply delayed. Recommended for the Airdevils immediately are allow participation in open competitions, entering in a new line of stunts, rotation in industry meets, and offering performance-based incentives in salaries. Allowing performers to perform outside work and cross-training are factors that should be considered quickly. After implementation of these interventions there proves to be a marked increase in the company’s performance and there is an improvement in job satisfaction. * In the next phase of the reorganization, Celsey wants to create a group of three people to begin preparing innovative stunts for the regular customers of the Airdevils. Should this idea work well, the customers will like the plans and will want to spend extra money for stunts consultation. In this case, the Airdevils will form a stunts consultancy division. Given seven excellent candidates for this three person team the three chosen by Dream Teamwork’s for Celsey’s team are Cari, Charlie, and Alverta because of their combined work experience, enthusiasm for the job, personalities, and high probability of achievement. Applying this decision is successful. The mixture of experience, high skill levels, and high emotional stability prove to be an excellent combination to make a powerful team for the Airdevils. * In the next phase, Dream Teamworks helps Celsey choose what measures should be taken by the Airdevils to reduce stress among the support crewmembers. After considerations of the measures available to the Airdevils those that would most benefit the company and its staff are relaxation training, stress-inoculation training, software training, modifying team structure, offering transportation services, establishing a code of conduct, and allowing a flexi ble work schedule. These are the best measure possible to reduce stress levels among crewmembers. The results are lower absenteeism, less stress, more teamwork, more personal time with family, and a better ability to cope with stressors from work (Britt & Jex, 2008). Absenteeism, turnover, job performance, and counter-productive behavior can be addressed through motivation. Based on the situation illustrated in the simulation the theories of employee motivation that could be used by Celsey and the management team of the Airdevils team to tackle issues are need-based theories, cognitive process theories, self-determination theory, and job-based theories. A need-based theory such as need for achievement would be an effective place to start. Need-based theories propose that achievement and power are needs evoked by different stimuli in the environment (Britt & Jex, 2008). Maslow’s need hierarchy does explain that the higher one gets on their hierarchy pyramid, from physiological to self-actualization, the more content a person becomes. This could explain why Airdevils has a need to reorganize their corporation. Making employees content in more factions of their lives makes more productive employees. ERG is another needs-based theory that could be considered. ERG allows for the possibility that the stunt performers in the Airdevils may be regressing because their needs at the most basic level of their work are not satisfied. They are too concerned with the issues that the they may have with the redundancy of the routines and personality issues. Also, they are not allowed to experiment and show their own individuality and true colors and feel as thpugh they are failing to live up to their potential. Need for achievement theory is another that could be considered for this situation. Those who have consistent distinguishing characteristics of perso ns who have a high need for achievement can describe many of the stunt performers at Airdevils. These characteristics include the tendency to set moderately difficult performance goals, seek feedback, and work long hours because they absorb themselves in work (Britt & Jex, 2008). Goal-setting, Control, and Equity theories and behavioral approaches are just some examples of further applications that can be studied for this case. Many theories could be applied to the Airdevils’ situation. Should Celsey and Peter go through each of the theories that could be applied to their situation, they may find that each theory will touch on a subject currently adversely affecting the company and its profits. Through examining them all, they could reach conclusions on correcting behaviors throughout the company. Knowledge of human behavior, cognition, and affect can be used to enhance relationships in the workplace. Understanding how people interact with each other and why can help management can place people together in teams accordingly. It can also prepare the company for behavioral changes among the employees. This knowledge can help solve problems, create stress free workplace environments, and create productive and powerful teams. Employee workplace stressors can be reduced by organizations. By paying attention to the results of surveys, blogs written by employees, and general complaints throughout the company any organization can come to understand what particular stressors affect their particular employees. Clear definitions of job titles and descriptions of jobs would assist an organization from having role stressors. Workloads should be studied and divided amongst employees according to ability and pay to alleviate workload stressors. Independent control over their own workloads could be considered. For example, in regard to Airdevils, allowing more team members freedom to decide on adjustments to routines could reduce stress levels there. Alleviating interpersonal conflict by teaming like members together is one way that companies like the Airdevils can control stressors. Reducing organizational constraints is another example. In the case of the Airdevils’ organizational constraints, they do not allow their employees to participate in open competitions or rotate in industry meets. Releasing these constraints could strengthen the organizations relationships with their employees as well as relieve some of the stressors they face. Perceived control and work-family conflict are further stressors that should be examined. Making adjustments to schedules, pay, and employees behaviors will relieve many organizational conflicts and stressors and benefit the company greatly. Job security, layoffs, mergers and acquisitions are not currently affecting Airdevils but do affect other organizations. Stress management training, adjusting work schedules, providing telecommuting options, offering family-friendly benefits, and offering health and fitness programs are further ways that an organization can combat stress among its employees (Britt & Jex, 2008). Careful consideration of each aspect by the organization will ensure that they can make informed decisions regarding each stressor. After analysis of survey, employee blogs, and paying attention to the behaviors of its employees, Celsey and Peter can make the changes that Airdevils desperately needs to survive and grow. The company has a superb foundation and understands that changes must be made to achieve success. By applying studying and understanding employees’ behaviors, cognition, and applying relevant theories Dream Teamworks and Airdevils can create a prospering work environment for Airdevils’ employees and will find more satisfied employees, be subject to less turnover, win more awards, and satisfy customers better than they ever have. Reference Britt, T. W., & Jex, S. M. (2008). Organizational psychology: A scientist-practitioner approach. (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons